Stem cells used to rebuild 10-year-old boy's windpipe in groundbreaking surgery

Doctors have carried out groundbreaking surgery to rebuild the windpipe of a 10-year-old British boy using his own stem cells.

If successful, they believe it could lead to a revolution in regenerative medicine.

The operation, lasting nearly nine hours, took place at London's Great Ormond Street children's hospital on Monday.

Stem cells taken from the boy's bone marrow were injected into the fibrous collagen 'scaffold' of a donor trachea, or windpipe.

The organ, which had first been stripped of its own cells, was then implanted into the boy.
Over the next month doctors expect the stem cells to begin transforming themselves within the boy's body into internal and external tracheal cells.

The boy, whose identity is being kept secret at the moment, is said to be doing well and talking from his hospital bed.

Because they are derived from his own tissue, there is no danger of the newly grown cells triggering an immune response.

With a normal transplant, rejection of the organ would necessitate dampening down the child's immune system with suppressive drugs.

At this early stage, his new windpipe is still having to be artificially supported.

Cardiothoracic surgeon Professor Martin Elliott, director of tracheal services at Great Ormond Street, who led the boy's operation, said: 'The child is extremely well.

'He's breathing completely for himself and speaking, and he says it's easier for him to breathe than it has been for many years.'The procedure was a big step forward from the pioneering surgery conducted in Spain two years ago on 30-year-old mother-of-two Claudia Castillo, the first person to receive a transplant organ created from stem cells.

Ms Castillo was given a section of tracheal airway rebuilt from stem cells, but using a much more complex and costly process.

On that occasion doctors grew the new tissue outside the body by rotating the donor graft in a special 'bioreactor' before transplanting it into the patient's body.

In the boy's case, his own body acted as a living bioreactor.

The de-cellularised windpipe was treated with a carefully mixed cocktail of chemicals designed to trigger signals that would allow the tissue to grow in situ.

Professor Martin Birchall, head of translational regenerative medicine at University College London, said: 'This procedure is different in a number of ways, and we believe it's a real milestone.

'It is the first time a child has received stem cell organ treatment, and it's the longest airway that has ever been replaced.

'I think the technique will allow not just highly specialised hospitals to carry out stem cell organ transplants.

'Now we need to conduct more clinical trials to demonstrate that this concept works. We'd like to move to other organs as well, particularly the larynx and oesophagus.

'Importantly we need to think about how to make regenerative medicine a key part of our health care.'

Preparation of the donor organ was carried out in the Great Ormond Street operating theatre by stem cell pioneer Professor Paolo Macchiarini, from Careggi University Hospital in Florence.
Prof Macchiarini led the Italian, British and Spanish team behind Ms Castillo's transplant.

Last year he carried out the 'living bioreactor' stem cell procedure for the first time on a 53-year-old Italian woman, replacing part of her windpipe.

The successful operation proved that the concept worked.

Prof Macchiarini was contacted by British doctors after they ran out of options for helping the boy patient, who was born with a condition called long segment tracheal stenosis.

At birth the boy had a windpipe measuring just one millimetre across and was unable to breath.

Attempts were made to patch up his trachea and hold it open with supporting stents.

But eventually the stents eroded, damaging the aorta, the main artery taking blood out of the heart.
Moves towards carrying out the experimental procedure began after the boy's condition deteriorated last November.

In February this year, Prof Macchiarini's team selected a dead donor from a shortlist of three - a 30-year-old Italian woman.

Her trachea was removed, and stripped of its cells using digestive enzymes. All that was left was inert collagen and the 'basal membrane' which provided the foundation for cell growth.

Prof Macchiarini joined his British colleagues at Great Ormond Street on the day of the operation, where he took charge of 'seeding' the trachea with the stem cells and applying the correct 'growth factor' chemicals.

In Ms Castillo's case it took six months to prepare the transplant organ outside the patient's body.

But using the new 'bionic' technique, the boy's trachea was ready to be implanted in just four hours.

Prof Macchiarini said: 'The idea is to use the reactions of the body to make the structure living.

'We told the cells to differentiate and transform naturally into the layers that make up the airway.

'This is something that makes tissue regeneration very simple and accessible to everyone.'

He said the implications for future treatments went beyond replacing whole organs.

Damaged organs such as lungs, hearts or livers could be repaired by patching them with stem cells.

'We need to change our philosophy,' said Prof Macchiarini, speaking at University College London.

'The question is do we really need to transplant the entire organ and put the patient on immunosuppression, or can we stimulate stem cells to make it function again?'





The piece of windpipe that was grown to replace Claudia Castillo's damaged organ

Jumper kill himself from building.See gore pictures of sucide guy.WARNING GORE NSFW.

WARNING GORE UNCENSORED>WARNING NSFW


Dude jump off from building landing right smack on his buttock. From injuries are severe. His backbone are produting out from his butt behind , force of landing pierce out back. His hands and legs are broken , and forehead injuries either hitting the floor or knee. Feet bones are broken with sole torn.


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Mars as you've never seen it before: The colossal ice walls that show another side of the Red Planet

It looks like a filmmaker's apocalyptic vision of Earth following a devastating natural disaster.

But this colossal ice formation is actually a portion of the wall terraces of a huge crater on Mars.

Approximately 37 miles in diameter, a section of the Mojave Crater in the planet's Xanthe Terra region has been digitally mapped by Nasa scientists.

The result is this digital terrain model that was generated from a stereo pair of images and offers a synthesized, oblique view of a 2.5-mile portion of the crater's wall terraces.The sheer depth of the crater - about 1.6 miles - demonstrates that Mojave has experienced little infilling or erosion.

The result offers scientists a tantalising glimpse of what a very large complex crater looks like on Mars because it remains so fresh while most others - especially this size - have been affected by erosion, sedimentary infilling and overprinting by other geologic processes.

Such a fresh crater provides an insight into the impact process.
This view, in which the vertical dimension is exaggerated three-fold compared with horizontal dimensions, shows the ponding of material backed up behind massive wall-terrace blocks of bedrock.

Hundreds of impact craters on Mars have similarly ponded features with pitted surfaces. These 'pitted ponds' are thought to result when material melted by the crater-causing impacts is captured behind the wall terraces.

The portion of the Mojave Crater's north-western edge shown here spans about 2.5 miles in width halfway between the bottom and top of the image. The view is toward the north.

Mojave is one of the freshest large craters on Mars. A survey of its features indicates very few overprinting craters on them, and an analysis of that infrequency suggests the crater may be as young as about ten million years, very young for a crater of this size.

The fans and channels hint that impacts such as Mojave's may have unleashed water or water-ice from the subsurface to flow across the surface and, perhaps, condense as rain or snow for a brief period of Martian time.

This further suggests that early climate on Mars could have been heavily influenced by the intense bombardment about 3.9billion years ago when impacts creating craters Mojave's size and far larger were more common.


Colossal: This ice formation is a portion of the wall terraces of the Mojave Crater on Mars. It has barely suffered any erosion so offers scientists a tantalising glimpse of what a very large complex crater looks like

Virgin Galactic's space tourism rocket soars to heavens in first test flight

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Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo, the world's first commercial passenger spaceship, made its inaugural test flight over the California desert yesterday.

The flight marked the start of a test programme that will progress to flights as a glider and then under rocket power.

Throughout the two hour, 54 minute test, the space tourism rocket remained slung beneath the middle of the wing of its 'mothership' WhiteKnightTwo, a twin-fuselage carrier aircraft.

The pair achieved an altitude of 45,000ft before returning to the Mojave Air and Space Port, which is 70 miles north of Los Angeles.

'This is a momentous day,' designer Burt Rutan said.Virgin Galactic, an offshoot of Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Group, has collected about £30million in deposits and fares from more than 330 aspiring amateur astronauts, each of whom will be charged £133,000 to experience a few minutes of suborbital spaceflight.
By suborbital means its trajectory will not complete a full orbit of Earth.

Test flights are scheduled to continue through 2011, with commercial operations set to begin in 2012.

The rocket and mothership are the second generation of the Burt Rutan-designed system that sent the first privately developed, manned rocket into space in 2004.

SpaceShipOne went on that year to make two more suborbital flights, winning the £6.7million prize Ansari X Prize. It is now in the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum in Washington DC.Sir Richard is in a deal with the Rutan-founded Scaled Composites of Mojave, California, to develop passenger-carrying spacecraft and launchers.

SpaceShipTwo has been dubbed Virgin Spaceship Enterprise and the four-engine carrier jet is called Virgin Mothership Eve, after Sir Richard's mother.

'Seeing the finished spaceship in December was a major day for us but watching VSS Enterprise fly for the first time really brings home what beautiful, groundbreaking vehicles Burt and his team have developed for us,' said Sir Richard.

Virgin Galactic said the flight test program will run through 2011 before passenger travel is scheduled to begin in 2012.

SpaceShipTwo will be carried to an altitude of about 50,000ft and then released by the mothership.

Powered by a single rocket motor, the spaceship will be flown by a crew of two and carry six passengers on a Mach 3 thrill ride through the edge of the atmosphere for a brief zero-gravity experience and views of the Earth far below before gliding to a landing.Such suborbital flights are similar to the 1961 flights of Mercury astronauts Alan Shepard and Virgil Grissom - up into space and then back down without circling the Earth.

But by launching SpaceShipTwo from a high-flying carrier aircraft, there's no need for the massive rockets that propelled the Mercury capsules.

Motherships have been used for decades by Nasa and the military for 'captive-carry' tests and launches of such craft as the X-15 rocket planes.

The novel part of Rutan's design is his 'carefree re-entry' system.

SpaceShipTwo has tailbooms extending rearward from its wings. In space, the booms pivot upward to a 65-degree angle. The position causes drag and slows the descent in the upper atmosphere before the booms pivot back to horizontal.

Commercial development has been slower than expected.

When Virgin Group licensed the technology from Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, who funded about £17million for SpaceShipOne, Sir Richard envisioned operating flights by 2007.
A major setback was an explosion during a 2007 ground test involving the flow of a rocket oxidizer.

Three workers were killed and three others suffered serious injuries.

Approximately 600 people are now employed on activities relating to the Virgin Galactic project.

This figure is estimated to rise to over 1,100 jobs during the peak of the construction phase at the space port and when the commercial space vehicles begin their flights.

Speaking in December, Sir Richard said: 'The team has created not only a world first but also a work of art.

'It's incredible to think only 450 people have ever been into space; that's including all the Russians, all the Chinese and all the Americans put together.'

In honour of a long tradition of using the word Enterprise in the naming of Royal Navy, U.S. Navy, Nasa vehicles and even science fiction spacecraft, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson in December christened SS2 with the name Virgin Space Ship (VSS) Enterprise.






December launch: California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger with Sir Richard Branson and New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson, break wines bottles at the christening ceremony of SpaceShipTwo (left). Sir Richard poses with aircraft designer Burt Rutan (right)

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Audrina’s got a great body…Sure, it looks better when she’s photoshopped, but then again who doesn’t look better when their retard face is made to look normal and her legs are made to look long and luxurious. I can only assume it’s got something to do with evolution, you know how the stupid dogs in the dog park are always the biggest and strongest, while the smart ones can survive using their intelligence, the idiot ones rely on their ability to run fast, because based on Audrina’s body, she could run away from oncoming traffic if she happened to step into the shit, where as someone like me doesn’t know how to run, but would never get myself in the situation in the first place. That’s not to say I’m smart, but it is to say I’m fat and I’m pretty good at staying that way…but who cares about me…here are pics of Audrina in what might be the hottest picture of the day…and one I can only hope carries into the lives of everyday girls….

One giant leap for... Swindon: UK's answer to Nasa is launched in Wiltshire (with one astronaut)

It is one small step for British science. And one giant leap for Swindon.

Yesterday, the Wiltshire town known for its steam railway museum was named as the home of the nation's first space agency.

Ministers say the UK Space Agency, which launches on April 1, will guarantee Britain's place among the stars and inspire a generation of children to become astronauts.

Nasa, however, is unlikely to be too concerned at the threat.

UKSA will have an annual budget of £270million, or just one 50th the size of the American agency's, just one astronaut called Tim and a Union Flag logo that resembles the titles to Dad's Army.




Its creation brings together the budgets and work of a host of government departments and funding councils under one roof, and replaces the British National Space Centre.
Rather than launch its own missions, UKSA will promote Britain's interests in the European Space Agency.Most of its work will involve Earth observation satellites, planetary probes and telecommunications.

It will also help co- ordinate space science research in universities.

The announcement - which followed months of speculation about the agency's name - was welcomed by scientists and business leaders.

At one point Lord Drayson, the minister for science and innovation, had hoped to call the body Her Majesty's Space Agency.

Yesterday, he said the creation of UKSA was crucial to promoting Britain's growing space industry.

'The action we're taking shows that we're really serious about space,' he said.

'The UK Space Agency will give the sector the muscle it needs to fulfil its ambition.'

The agency was launched in London yesterday with the help of British astronaut Major Tim Peake, who is training in Russia to be a European Space Agency astronaut.

Although the UK has long been a member of ESA, this is the first time it will have a fully fledged space agency.

Germany, France and Italy all have national space agencies.

Lord Mandelson, the Business Secretary, stressed the role of the agency in Britain's satellite, robotics and telecoms industries.

'I think it is important to remember that although it is cutting edge, this stuff is not sci-fi,' said Lord Mandelson.

'It may start in space, but it comes down to Earth very quickly and is directly relevant to all our daily lives.'

The recession- defying space industry already contributes around £6billion a year to the economy and supports 68,000 jobs directly and indirectly.

Over the next 20 years it has the potential to grow to a £40billion industry and create 100,000 jobs, ministers believe.

Major Peake, a test pilot in the Army Air Corps, had the job of starting a countdown to unveiling the space agency's logo, displayed on a large screen at the Queen Elizabeth II conference centre.
The logo is a £10,000 design, based on the Union Flag, that shows a |red arrow aiming for the skies.








Logo: The nation's first space agency has been unveiled

Lift off: One of NASA's space shuttle missions

Creepy crawlies up (very) close: Insects magnified up to a million times their size

The head of a jumping spider - a species with very good vision. Mr Gschmeissner is able to magnify his favourite specimens by up to a million times.The head of a human flea. Steve Gschmeissner chose insect subjects because of their incredible shapes and patterns.A coloured scanning electron micrograph of the head of a bee. The SEM builds extreme close-ups of anything that can fit inside the 4ft high device.A coloured micrograph of the head of a yellow dung fly, which appears to be sticking out its tongue. It catches other flies and sucks out the juices

No, it's not an opening scene from CSI, it's a JakPak: the coat that turns into a tent

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A mosquito net folds out, and now time for some shut-eye.After unzipping it he clambers in and then fastens it. Behind the coat's hood is another hood which when supported by metal rods provides protection for the head

Ahh, this looks like a good spot to rest my head. The model unfolds the sleeping bag from the back of the coat.More than just a coat ... The waterproof can be turned into a one-man 'tent'

Die-hard fans of the increasingly popular 'glamping' - staying in luxury tents - should probably look away now.

Billed as the 'world’s first all-in-one waterproof jacket, sleeping bag and tent' the JakPak looks more like a bodybag found in an opening scene of the CSI TV series.

While the jacket that opens out into a tent may win a few awards for ingenuity it is unlikely to be heralded for its style.

Particularly as it comes in two-tone green or black unless you opt for a custom-made colour.

But the £163 jacket, which goes on sale this spring, does have its fans, and on the firm's Twitter page one wrote: 'A clever all-in-one jacket, sleeping bag and tent. Great for those likely to get lost?'

The way it works is that the sleeping bag folds down from the back of the jacket. You then step in and zip it up at the side.

The hood of the sleeping bag is pulled out from a pocket on the back of the jacket and that, in turn, is supported by metal tent rods.

There are 'storm flaps' to keep out water and an insect net. The sleeping bag also has room for extra clothing to keep out the cold.

JakPak's website says: 'JakPak is the only portable personal sleeping system on the market designed for outdoors and sports enthusiasts, as well as emergency preparedness.'

The makers say their latest design 'creates an instant dry habitat that is ideal for outdoor sports enthusiasts, people living in areas prone to natural disaster, sports fans who will not be held back by a little rain, and anyone else in need of shelter.'

Newly Wed couples take exotic marriage album photos.ALmost all nude.Free amazing new marriage album.

Exotic marriage album are done sometime by new generation of daring newly weds. Below are example, basically it very erotic and quite note .Haha.

The new wife looks older and the husband to be looks younger but show off some mean tatoo.

Blind soldier can 'see' with his tongue thanks to ground-breaking device

A soldier blinded by a grenade in Iraq has had his life transformed by ground-breaking technology that enables him to 'see' with his tongue.

Lance Corporal Craig Lundberg, 24, from Walton, Liverpool, lost his sight while serving in Bascra in 2007.

Today he revealed he can identify shapes, walk around unaided and even read thanks to a pioneering device.The Liverpool fan, who plays blind football for England, was faced with the prospect of relying on a guide dog or cane for the rest of his life after he was injured.

But he was chosen by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) to be the first person to trial the BrainPort device, which could revolutionise treatment for the blind.

The BrainPort converts visual images into a series of electrical pulses which are sent to the tongue. The different strength of the tingles can be read or interpreted so the user can mentally visualise their surroundings and navigate around objects.

Gore Women raped and brutally murdered by 1oo stabs. WARNING GORE NSFW

WARNING GORE BELOW VICTIM OF RAPE AND MURDER > NSFW

This woman was found by her father, she had been stabbed 113 times and slashed across the eyes, it was described as a "lust murder".

After murdering her the killer took a towel and cleaned her down

Student cashes in on award-winning plug as flat as a laptop

How the folding plug looks in action. The designer will launch the device this year.Inventor Min-Kyu Choi with his award-winning Folding Plug.Innovative: The plug is designed to fold down to a thickness of just 1cm for storage, left, but can be opened up again quickly when needed

It began as just one of those niggling everyday frustrations.

But a design student's determination to end the 64-year reign of the unwieldy three-pin electrical plug has won him an international design award - and looks set to make him his fortune.

Min-Kyu Choi, 29, had bought the world's thinnest laptop, advertised as being slim enough to fit in an envelope.
However, the marketing neglected to account for the bulky three-pin plug that has been tethered to almost every British electrical item since 1946.
When the nuisance plug scratched his shiny new computer, Mr Choi, who graduated from his MA design course last year, decided that enough was enough, and set about devising a slimline folding alternative.

The 1cm thick result (the standard version is 4.5cm) has now beaten rivals from around the world, including the late fashion designer Alexander McQueen's last collection, to win the Brit Insurance design of the year award.

The student, from Bayswater, West London, said: 'I carried the laptop with me to university but when I took it out I was disappointed to find the plug had scratched the computer.

'I thought it would be a good idea to create a plug that could be folded flat so the pins would not cause any damage and also to make it as thin as the laptop itself.'

Now a student at London's Royal College of Art, Mr Choi's design could 'make a difference to everyone's life', according to the chairman of the judging panel, artist Antony Gormley.

Just as the inventor of 'cat's eyes' for the road, Percy Shaw, became a multi-millionaire on the back of his idea, Mr Choi is also likely to win his own riches.
Deyan Sudjic, director of the Design Museum, which organises the awards, said: 'It works, it looks good and I'm sure it will make him a wealthy man if it is marketed right.'

In 1946, it was decided to standardise the three-pin plug for all sockets and appliances. However, it has proved a bulky inconvenience in the modern world.

Despite TVs going flat, videos being junked for the slimline DVD and record players being replaced by MP3 devices, the plug remained virtually unchanged for more than half a century.

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Here are few karoake GRO working in China , they have to wear sexy , i guess because majority of the customer are dicks or dudes.HAha..For business i guess need girls tat are presentable.

Below are some funny pictures of new bra design ..Look so funny.

Gore death little baby Die of brain trauma.Brain skull exposed.WARNING GORE NSFW.

WARNING GORE PICTURES DEAD BABIES .NSFW

Baby die of brain trauma , suspect of abuse or negligent from parents or take taker.
Autopsy done to check the brain and its membrane. Medical dude crack open the skulls and remove the brain to check for hemotoma i guess , notice the eye ball popping out from it socket.haha.Scary.Damn world.Sick.




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